Bhagavad Gita 4.28द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे।स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥

Teachers usually read this idea across several verses together, one shared reflection covers the whole unit.

• 4.24Brahman is the oblation; Brahman is the melted butter (ghee); by Brahman is the oblation…
• 4.25Some yogis perform sacrifice to the gods alone; while others, who have realized the Self,…
• 4.26Some again offer the organ of hearing and other senses as a sacrifice in the fire of…
• 4.27Others again sacrifice all the functions of the senses and those of the breath (vital…

• 4.28Others again offer wealth, austerity, and Yoga as sacrifice, while ascetics of…

• 4.29Others offer as sacrifice the outgoing breath into the incoming, and the incoming into the…
• 4.30Others who regulate their diet offer life-breaths in each life-breath. All these are…
• 4.31Those who eat the remnants of the sacrifice, which are like nectar, go to the eternal…
• 4.32Thus, manifold sacrifices are spread out before Brahman at the face of Brahman. Know them…
• 4.33Superior is wisdom-sacrifice to the sacrifice with objects, O Parantapa (scorcher of the…

cha

also

apare

others

tathā

thus

yatayaḥ

these ascetics

swādhyāya

cultivating knowledge by studying the scriptures

yoga-yajñāḥ

performance of eight-fold path of yogic practices as sacrifice

dravya-yajñāḥ

offering one’s own wealth as sacrifice

jñāna-yajñāḥ

those offer cultivation of transcendental knowledge as sacrifice

tapaḥ-yajñāḥ

offering severe austerities as sacrifice

sanśhita-vratāḥ

observing strict vows